What is known as the "universal solvent" because it can dissolve a variety of different substances?

Water is known as the "universal solvent" because of its unique chemical and physical properties that enable it to dissolve more substances than any other liquid. This capability is primarily due to its polar molecular structure, which allows water molecules to interact with various ionic and polar compounds. When ionic substances, like salt, are introduced into water, the positive ends of water molecules attract the negative ions, while the negative ends attract the positive ions, effectively pulling them apart and leading to dissolution.

Additionally, water's ability to break down a diverse range of substances makes it vital for biological processes and chemical reactions. Organisms rely on water to transport nutrients and waste, as nearly all biological molecules can interact with water due to its solvent properties. Therefore, its designation as the "universal solvent" highlights its fundamental role in ecological and biochemical systems.